KRISHNA UNIVERSITY
M. A. Economics
Syllabus
(I SEMESTER to IV
SEMESTER)
Semester-I
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|||||
NAME OF THE
SUBJECT SUBJECT CODE
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INTERNAL MARKS
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Semester End Exam Marks
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Total
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No. of Hours/Week
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No.of
Credits/
Week
|
|
30
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70
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100
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6
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5
|
|
30
|
70
|
100
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6
|
5
|
|
30
|
70
|
100
|
6
|
5
|
|
30
|
70
|
100
|
6
|
5
|
|
30
|
70
|
100
|
6
|
5
|
TOTAL
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150
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350
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500
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30
|
25
|
SEMESTER - II
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|||||
|
30
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70
|
100
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6
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5
|
|
30
|
70
|
100
|
6
|
5
|
|
30
|
70
|
100
|
6
|
5
|
|
30
|
70
|
100
|
6
|
5
|
|
30
|
70
|
100
|
6
|
5
|
TOTAL
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150
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350
|
500
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30
|
25
|
Semester-III
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|||||
|
30
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70
|
100
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6
|
5
|
|
30
|
70
|
100
|
6
|
5
|
|
30
|
70
|
100
|
6
|
5
|
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|||||
A)Agicultural
economics ECO304(A)
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30
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70
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100
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6
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5
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B) Industrial
Economics ECO304(b)
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30
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70
|
100
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6
|
5
|
5) Optionls –II (C OR D)
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|||||
C)Rural
Development ECO305 (C)
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30
|
70
|
100
|
6
|
5
|
D) Labour
Economics ECO305(D)
|
30
|
70
|
100
|
6
|
5
|
150
|
350
|
500
|
30
|
25
|
|
Semester-IV
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|||||
|
30
|
70
|
100
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6+1
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5
|
|
30
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70
|
100
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6+1
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5
|
3.
Computer Applications in
Economics ECO403
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30
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70
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100
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6+1
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5
|
4
Optionals –I (A or B)
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|||||
a)
Urban Economics ECO404 (A)
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30
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70
|
100
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6+1
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5
|
b)
Demography ECO 404 (B)
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30
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70
|
100
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6+1
|
5
|
5.Elective – II
(C or D)
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|||||
C )Regional
Economics & Area Planning
ECO405 (C)
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30
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70
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100
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6+1
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5
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D) Gender
Economics and Development ECO405
(D)
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30
|
70
|
100
|
6+1
|
5
|
TOTAL
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150
|
350
|
500
|
35
|
5
|
M.A. ECONOMICS
SEMESTER -I
PAPER- I MICRO ECONOMIC THEORY- I
Module I: Introduction
to Microeconomic Theory
The Economic Problem: Scarcity and Choice; Positive and
Normative Economics Characterstics of an equilibrium and Disequilibrium
systems. Law of demand – Elasticity of demand.
Consumer behavior – Cardinal, Ordinal Utility- Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility, Law of
equi Marginal Utility – Consumer’s Surplus.
Module II: Consumer Behaviour:
Utility
- Indifference curves (income and substitution effects) Slutsky theorem,
Revealed preference theory, Revision of demand theory by Hicks, Consumers
choice involving risk
Recent developments in demand analysis (pragmatic approach and linear expenditure systems, Inter temporal consumption- Cobweb theorem
Recent developments in demand analysis (pragmatic approach and linear expenditure systems, Inter temporal consumption- Cobweb theorem
Module III: Theory of Production
Basic concepts- Production
function ; Linear Programming in production technology- Homogeneous and
homothetic production functions; Law of Variaable proportions - returns to
scale, Euler’s theorem, Cobb-Douglas, CES, Trasnslog Leontief’s Production Functions ;
Module
IV: Cost functions
Cost
functions- short run and long run; Traditional and modern theories of costs - Profit
maximization. Baumol’s sales revenue
maximization model; Williamson’s model of managerial discretion. Marris model
of managerial enterprise, Bains limit pricing theory.
Module V: Market Structure:
Markets under perfect
competition; short run and longrun equilitbrium of firm and industry; market
equilibrium; Stability of equilibrium; Dynamic adjustments; Monopoly;
Monopsony; Discriminating Monopoly, Monopolistic Competition; Duopoly and
Oligopoly- Cournot, Stackelberg, Kinked Demand Curve
M.A., ECONOMICS
SEMESTER – I
PAPER – II:
MACRO ECONOMIC Theory -I
MODULE – 1 : NATIONAL INCOME AND ACCOUNTS
Circular Flow
of Income in two- three-and four-sector economy; different forms of national
income accounting- social accounting, input output accounting, flow of funds
accounting and balance of payments accounting – GNP Deflator.
MODULE – 2 : CONSUMPTION FUNCTION
Determination
of out put and employment – classical and Keyneans approach; Keynes’
Psychological law of consumption – implications of the law; short-run and
long-run consumption function; Empirical evidence of consumption function;
Income-consumption relationship-absolute income, relative income, life cycle
and permanent income hypotheses.
MODULE – 3: INVESTMENT FUNCTION
Determinants
of Investment – Capital and Investment – Accelerator Principle, Marginal
Efficiency of Capital – Acceleration.
MODULE- 4 : Demand for money
Classical approach to
demand for money – Quantity theory approach – Fisher’s equation – Cambridge
cash balances approach – Keynes Liquidity preference approach – aggregate
demand for money.
MODULE -5 : THEORY OF
INFLATION
Cost-push and demand pull inflations - Philips curve analysis
– Short run and long run Philips Curve; The natural rate of unemployment
hypothesis.
MODULE 6 : RECENT
DEVELOPMENTS IN MACROECONOMICS
Supply side economics, New
Classical Economics, New Keynesian Economics –
The ISLM Model.
PAPER – III:
PUBLIC FINANCE - I
MODULE 1 :
INTRODUCTION
Role of Government in organized society; Changing perspective
– Govt. in a mixed economy; public and private sector, cooperation or
competition; Govt. as an agent for economic planning and development; Govt. as
a tool for operationalizing the planning process; private goods, public goods,
and merit goods; Market failure – Principle maximum social advantage.
MODULE 2 : PUBLIC
REVENUE
Theory of incidence; Alternative concepts of incidence –
Allocative and equity aspects of individual taxes; Benefit and ability to pay
approaches; Theory of optimal taxation; Excess burden of taxes; Trade off
between equity and efficiency; Theory of measurement of dead weight losses; The
problem of double taxation.
MODULE 3 : PUBLIC
EXPENDITURE
Wagner’s law
of increasing state activities; Wiseman-Peacock hypothesis; Pure theory of
public expenditure; Structure and growth of public expenditure; Criteria for
public investment; social cost-benefit analysis – Project evaluation;
Estimation of costs, discount rate; Reforms in expenditure budgeting; programme
budgeting and zero base budgeting.
MODULE 4 : PUBLIC
DEBT
Classical view of public debt; Compensatory aspect of debt
policy; Burden of public debt; Sources of public debt; Debt through created
money; Public borrowings and price level; Crowding out of private investment
and activity; principles of debt management and repayment.
MODUE 5 : INDIAN
PUBLIC FINANCE
Indian
tax system; Revenue of the Union, States and local bodies; Major taxes in
India; base of taxes, direct and indirect taxes, taxation of agriculture,
expenditure tax, reforms in direct and indirect taxes, taxes on services;
Non-tax revenue of Centre, State and local bodies; Analysis of Central and
State government budgets; lack of flexibility in Central and State budgets,
shrinking size of development finance through budgets; Trends in public
expenditure and public debt; Fiscal crisis and fiscal sector reforms in India –
Report of XIV finance commission.
SEMESTER -I
PAPER IV: EVOLUTION OF ECONOMIC
DOCTRINES
- The Early Period:
Ancient
Doctrines: The Old Testament; Greek Philosophers; Plato and Aristotle; Roman
Empire and Christianity; Middle Ages; The Doctrine of the Church; Modern
Period; Mercantilism; Physiocracy
- The Classical
Period
The
Classical School- Adam Smith; Ricardo; Mallthus; Say’s Law of Markets; Muller;
Socialists; Sismond; Marx; Other contributions; a) The Historical School and b)
Say, Cournout, Thunen, Senior, J.S. Mill
- The Later
Period:
Founders
of Modern Economics: Gossen, Jevons, Menger, Walras, other writers: Pareto, Fisher- Basic Doctrines of Marshall.
- Post Marshall
Doctrines:
Pigou,
Keynes and Schumpeter; Basic Doctrines; Veblen Institutionalism.
- The Indian
Doctrines:
Ancient to Modern Periods:
Kautilya; Vlluvar; Medieval Thought – Nauroji, Ranade, R.C.Dutt; M.N. Roy
(Democratic Decentralization); Gandhi: Sarvodaya, Full Employment, Khadi and
Village Industries, Cooperation.
SEMESTER -I
PAPER V: MATHEMATICAL METHODS
MODULE 1 :
Concept
of Function, Types of Functions - Graphical Representation of function - Limit
and continuity of a function - Concept of Straight line- Applications in
Economics.
MODULE 2 :
Concept
of derivative - Rules of differentiation - Interpretation of revenue, cost,
demand, supply, functions; Elasticities and their types Elasticity of demand
and elasticity of supply; Multivariable functions; Concept of production
function.
MODULE 3 :
Rules
of partial differentiation; Problems of maxima and minima in single and
multiple variables; Simple problems in market equilibrium; Total derivatives.
Concept of integration; Simple rules of integration; Application to consumer's
surplus and producer's surplus.
MODULE 4 :
Determinants – Properties; Solutions of
simultaneous equation through Cramer’ rule. Matrix – types- matrix inversionand
Rank of a matrix . Input-Output analysis; Meaning-Types-Assumptions; Review
exercises.
MODULE 5 :
Linear
programming - Basic concepts; Formulation of linear programming problem - its structure and variables; Solutions
of linear programming through graphical and simplex method.Concept of Game
–stratergies – saddle pont.
SEMESTER - II
PAPER - I: MICRO
ECONOMIC THEORY-II
Module
1: Theories of Factor Pricing :
Neo-classical
approach- Marginal Productivity theory; Product exhaustion theorem; Elasticity
of technical substitution, technical progress and factor shares; Theory of
distribution in imperfect product and factor markets; Determination of rent,
wages, interest and profit, macro theories of distribution Ricardian, Marxian,
Kalecla and Kaldor’s
Module 2: PRE PARETIAN
WELFARE
ECONOMICS
Welfare
Economics: Nature and Scope; Economic and General Welfare; Value Judgments and
Welfare Economics; Benthamite Approach
to Aggregate Welfare; Optimum Resource Allocation and Welfare Maximization.
Module 3: THE NEO-CLASSICAL (PIGOVIAN) WELFARE
ECONOMICS AND EXTERNALITIES
Pigovian Welfare Economics and Externalities –
Meaning, Welfare Conditions – Externalities between private and social costs
and returns; Pigou’s ideal output.
Module 4: NEW WELFARE ECONOMICS
Introduction;
The Optimum Conditions of Exchange; Factor Substitution and Degree of
Specialization; The Condition of Optimum Factor-Product Utilization; Pareto
Optimality and Perfect Competition; The Social Welfare Function (Bergson
and Sameulson). Maximization of Social Welfare;
The Theory of second best; Value judgments and welfare economics;
Arrow's Possibility Theorem- Rawl’s Theory of justice and equlity.
Module 5. GENERAL
EQUILIBRIUM THEORY
Partial and General Equilibrium;
Walrasian Excess Demand and input – output approach to General Equilibrium,
Stablity and Uniquences of General Equilibrium; Coalitions and Monopolies; The
Walrasian General Equilibrium Model; 2x2x2 Graphical General Equilibrium Model
SEMESTER - II
PAPER
- II: MACRO ECONOMIC ANALYSIS - II
Module – 1 : SUPPLY OF MONEY
Functions of Money –
Determinants of money supply; RBI approach to money supply; High powered money
and money multiplier; control of money supply.
Module – 2 : POST – KEYNESIAN DEMAND FOR MONEY
, Post Keynesian Theories of Demand for Money –
Tobin, Boumol, Friedman, Patinkin and real balance effect, crisis in Keynesian
economics and revival of monetarism.
Module - 3 : BUSINESS CYCLES AND
NEO – CLASSICAL MACRO ECONOMICS:
Theories of Schumpeter, Kaldor ,
Samuelson and Hicks , control of Business Cycles- relative efficiency of monetary
and fiscal policies – Nature of International Business Cycles. Theories of
Inflation and Phillips Curve.
Module - 4: BANKING
RBI and its functions – Methods
of Credit Control – Reserve Bank of India and Monetary Policy – Objectives and
Limitations. Objectives and functions of Commercial Banks – Money Market and
Role of Commercial Banks – Nationalization and Privatization of Commercial
Banks.
Module – 5: MONETARY SECTOR
REFORMS IN INDIA
Banking Sector Reforms –
Chakravarthy Committee Report – Narasimham Committee Report.
SEMESTER - II
Paper - III: PUBLIC ECONOMICS - II
MODULE – 1: BUDGET
Meaning,
Types - Revenue and Capital Budget- Classification of Budget -Surplus, Deficit
,Balanced and Unbalanced Budget- Preparation of India Central Budget; Concept
of Deficit- Revenue, Fiscal, Primary; Deficit Financing- Meaning, Objectives
and Causes; Deficit Finance since 1991, Effects of Deficit Financing-
Implications.
MOLDULE – 2: FISCAL POLICY AND
FISCAL REFORMS IN INDIA
Fiscal
Policy – aim – Objectives -Effectiveness of fiscal policy – fiscal policy in
India – Long term fiscal policy – Impact fiscal reforms on Economic
Development; Balanced Budget Multiplier.
MODULE – 3 : FINANCE COMMISSIONS
AND RESOUCE ALLOCATION
Resource
mobilization – Revenue allocation under various finance commissions – Main
recommendations of finance commissions – Anamalies of Union – State financial
relations – Financial autonomy – Sarkaria Commission report on financial
relations.
MODULE – 4 : CENTRE – STATE
FINANCIAL RELATIONS
Sources
of Income – Expenditure of the Central Government – Introduction of State
finance source of revenue – Expenditure of State Governments. Centre State
financial resources in India – Devolution of resources and Grants; Criteria for
transfer of resources – problem of state resources and Indebtedness- Transfer
of resources from union and states to local bodies.
MODULE – 5 : RECENT TRENDS IN
INDIAN PUBLIC FINANCE:
Indian Tax System; Revenue –
Union – State – Local bodies; Major Taxes in India: Direct and Indirect Taxes –
Reforms. Taxation of Agriculture , ExpenditureTax , Taxes on Services; Non –tax
revenue of Centre, State and Local bodies.
SEMESTER
- II
Paper
- IV: INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS
Module I: THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL
TRADE
Meaning
and Importance of International Trade – Silent Features of International Trade
– The pure theory of International Trade – Theories of Absolute Advantage,
Comparative Advantage and Relatively Costs, Hecksher – Ohlin Theory of
International Trade, Factor Price equalization Theorem – Leontief Paradox –
Rybczynski Theorem.
Module 2: MEASUREMENT OF GAINS
Measurement
of Gains from Trade and Distribution – Concepts of Terms of Trade, their uses
and limitations – Hypothesis of Secular Deterioration of Terms of Trade. Trade
is an engine of growth.
Module 3: THEORY OF INTERVENTIONS
The
Theory of Interventions – Tariffs, Quotas and Non-tariff barriers – Economic
Effects of Tariffs and Quotas on National Income, Output and Employment.
Optimum Tariff-Welfare implications.
Module 4: BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
Meaning
and Components of Balance of Payments – Equilibrium and disequilibrium in
Balance of Payments – The process of adjustment of balance of payments –
Foreign Trade multiplier with and without foreign representation and
determination of national income and output – Relative merits and demerits of
fixed and flexible exchange rates. Expenditure Switching and Expenditure
Reducing Policies.
Module 5: INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL
INSTITUTIONS
International
Monetary Food (IMF) – The World Bank (IBRD) – International Finance Corporation
(IFC) – International Development Association (IDA)- UNCTAD – GATT – WTO
–impact , SAARC.
SEMESTER - II
Paper - V: STATISTICAL METHODS
MODULE 1 : SAMPLING METHODS
Concept of sampling - random and
non-random sampling; Simple random; Stratified random, systematic sampling,
cluster sampling and non-random sampling methods.
MODULE
2 : Correlation and Regression
Correlation and regression analysis
and their properties; Karl Pearson’s
correlation Coefficient – Spearmen’s Rank Correlation . Concept of the least
squares and the lines of regression and applications. Standard error of
Estimate.
MODULE
3 : Time series analysis
Introduction - components -
measurement of trend - graphic, (Free hand curve fitting) method, method of
semi average, method of moving average, method
MODULE 4 : probability
Probability definiton - Theorems of
probability ( Law of Addition and Multiplication)- Conditional probability -
Bayes theorem and inverse probability - Joint and marginal probabilties -
Review Exercises.
MODULE 5 : theoretical
distributions
Binomial Distribution and Poisson
Distibution - Assumptions constants - Normal Distribution - properties of
normal distribution, constants of normal distribution - Review Exercises.
MODULE 6 : statistical
INFERENCE
Formulation
of statistical hypotheses - Null and alternative; Criteria for testing of
hypothesis - Hypothesis testing based on Z, t (Chi-square) and F tests; Type 1
and Type 2 errors.
SEMESTER - III
PAPER - I: ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Module I:
Development and Planning
Economic Growth--Economic
Development and Sustainable Development- Vicious circle of poverty. Indicators and
measurement of poverty structural view of underdevelopment – measurement of
development; conventional, PCI, PQLI, HDI and HPI – factors effecting growth
and development
Module II: Economic Growth Models
Economic Growth: Harrod - domar
model, instability of equilibrium, Neoclassical growth- Solow’s model,
Meade’s growth model, Mrs Joan
Robinson’s growth model; Growth model of Kaldor.
Module III: Theories of Development
Classical theory of development,
Marx and Schumpeter Approaches to development: Balanced growth, Critical
Minimum Effort, Big Push; Unlimited supply of Labour , Unbalanced growth; Low
income equilibrium trap- Rostow’s stages of economic growth- A.K .sen’s growth
model.
Module IV: Technical change and steady Growth
Technological
progress – embodied and disembodied technical progress; Hicks, Harrod; Labour
saving technical change; Capital saving technical change; Basic principles,
conditions for steady growth; main properties of steady growth.
Module V: Allocation of Resources and Planning
Need for investment
criteria in developing countries – present vs., future, Alternative investment
criteria; Cost-benefit analysis, Shadow process, Need for planning –
democratic, decentralized and indicative planning, micro-level planning- The
issue of Good governance
SEMSTER III
PAPER II: INDIAN ECONOMY
Module I : Structure of Indian Economy
Main features; Geographic size-Endowment of natural
resources, Population, size, composition quality an growth trend-Occupational
distribution- Unbalance and civic amenities: Mass poverty unemployment and its
effects; Economic effect of population procedure inequalities; rural –urban
disparities
Module II : The Agriculture Sector
Agriculture; Institutional Structure – land reforms in India;
Technological change in agriculture – pricing of agricultural inputs and
output; Terms of trade between agriculture and industry; Agricultural finance
policy; Agricultural Marketing and Warehousing; Issues in food security-policies
for sustainable agriculture.
Module III : The Industrial Sector
Industry; Industrial policy 1991; Public Sector enterprises
and their performance; Problem of sick units in India; Privatization and
disinvestments debate; Growth and pattern of industrialization; Small-scale
sector; Productivity in industrial sector; Exit policy – issues in market
reforms.
Module I V : The
Services Sector
Importance of services sector in Indian economy – Problems –
remedial measures
Module V : Economic Reforms and WTO
W T O And Economic Reforms- Liberalisation, Privatisation,
Disinvestment,Globalization. Globalization of Indian economy; W.T.O. and
its impact on the different sectors .
Foreign Trade and balance of
payments – causes for imbalances in Balance of Payments – Suggestions and
External debt – FEMA.
SEMSTER III
PAPER III: ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS
Module 1:
Environment, Ecology and Economy:
Environment and Economy-Elements of Ecology-Energy Flow and
Energy Systems Dynamics - Pollution and
Externalities-Market Inefficiency and Externalities-Property Rights and
Externalities - Non-Convexities and
Externalities-Common Property Rights.
Module 2:
Measurement of Environmental Values:
Concept of Total Economic Value-Objective standard based
valuation selective preference based valuation-Indirect Methods of
Environmental valuation: Travel Cost Method, Hedonic Price Theory-Direct
Methods of Environmental Valuation: Contingent Valuation Methods.
Module 3: The
Theory of Environmental Policy:
Environmental extemalities - Pigouvian taxes and subsidies,
marketable pollution permits and mixed instruments (the charges and standards
approach), Coase's bargaining solution and collective action. Environmental
institutions and grass root movements, Global environmental externalities and
climatic change, Tradable pollution permits and international carbon tax. Trade
and environment in WTO regime.
Module 4: Economics
of Natural Resource Management and Sustainable Development:
Theories of optimal use of exhaustible and renewable
resources; Environment and development trade off and the concept of sustainable
development; Rules of sustainable development-Indicators of sustainable
development-Macro-economic policies and environment.
Module 5:
Environmental and Natural Resource Problems in India
Mechanism for environment regulation in India; Environmental
laws and their implementation-Policy instruments for controlling water and air
pollution-forestry policy. The Institutions of joint forest management and the
joint protected area management; Social forestry and rationale and benefits.
SEMESTER -III
PAPER IV/ A: AGRICULTURAL
ECONOMICS(Elective - I)
MODULE 1 :
AGRICULTURE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Nature and scope of agricultural economics; Traditional
agriculture and its modernization; Role of agriculture in economic development.
Interdependence between agriculture and industry. Agricultural development,
sources of rural credit in India
MODULE 2:
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY
Agricultural production – Resource use and efficiency;
Production function analysis in agriculture; Factor combination and resource
substitution; Farm size and productivity relationship laws of returns- Supply
response of individual crops. Technical change, labor absorption in Agriculture
MODULE 3:
AGRICULTUREAL MARKETING AND PRICES
Marketing and state policy; Agricultural markets; Regulated
markets; Marketed and marketable surplus; Marketing channels, Prices spread,
Behavior of agricultural prices – Terms of trade between agricultural and
non-agriculture prices; Need for state intervention; Objectives of agricultural
price policy.
MODUEL 4: AGRICULTURAL
GROWTH IN INDIA
Recent trends in agricultural growth in India; Inter-regional
variations in growth of output and productivity; Cropping pattern shifts;
Supply of inputs- Pricing of inputs and role of subsides; distribution of gains
from technological change; role of Public investment and capital formation in
Indian agriculture; Strategy of agricultural development; Sustainable
agriculture and Food Security.
MODUEL 5: WTO AND
INDIAN AGRICULTURE
International trade in agricultural commodities: Commodity
agreements; Nature and feature of agri –
business. Globalization of India economy and problems and prospects of India
agriculture: Impact of World Trade Organization on India agriculture
SEMESTER -III
PAPER IV/B: INDUSTRIAL
ECONOMICS(Elective - I)
MODULE - I : Theories of Industrialization & Firm:
Meaning of Industrialization, The role of Industry in
Economic Development. Theories of Industry; Hoffman, Chennery and Gershenkron,.
Theories of Industrial Location- Weber, Sargent Florence, & Losch.
MODULE - II : Market Structure & Market Performance:
Concepts &
Orgnisation of a firm. Market Structure; Sellers Concentration; Product
Differentiation; Entry Conditions; Economics of Scale; Profitability & Innovation.
Growth of the firm- Size and Growth; Growth and Profitability of the firm;
Cjonstrainsts on Growth; Productivity and Efficiency.
MODULE - III : Indian Industrial Growth & Pattern
Industrial Pattern
under five Year Plan; Review of Industrial Grwoth under Planning and Structural
transformation. Changing role of Public Sector, Short comings of Public Sector.
Role of Private Sector in India and its Limitation. Industrial Policy 1991 and
subsequent changes, FDI.
MODULE – IV: Industrial Finance:
Industrial Finance: Owned, External and other components of Funds; Role.
Nature, Volume and types of Institutional Finance- State Level financial
Institutions and Commercial Banks.
MODULE - V: Small Scale and Rural Industries:
Case for Small Scale Enterprises; Problems of SSIs; SSIs and Sickness;
Need for Rural Industrialization, Industrial labour – Structure of Industrial
workers; Social Security Legislations; Labour Market Reforms.
SEMESTER - III
PAPER –V/C:
RURAL DEVELOPMENT (Elective
- II)
Module I: Rural Development- Nature , Scope
and Approaches
Development, Meaning – Basic elements and objectives Rural
Development; meaning, objectives, scope and importance of rural development.
Approaches, Gandhian approach; Community Development Approach, Sectoral
Approach; Participatory Development approach.
Module II: Agriculture
Agriculture and Rural Development- Share of agriculture in the
national income- Agriculture as a source of livelihood and employment- Agriculture Development Programmes; objective,
target group, strategies and evaluation of Intensive Agriculture Development
Progremme(IADP), Intensive Agriculture Area Programme(IAAP) and High Yield
Variety Programme(Green revolution)- Area specific rural Development
Programmes; regional disparities- meaning, causes and consequences, Meaning and
need for regional planning- objectives, activities, target groups and
evaluation of Drought Prone Area Programme, Hill Area Development Progrmme,
Integrated Wasteland Development Programme.
Module III: Poverty
Alleviation of rural poverty: Meaning ,concept, measurement
of poverty, causes and consequences, National Rural Employment Guaranty Scheme
NREGP.- Social Welfare schemes for rural uplift; concept of social welfare,
Objectives, scope, activities, performance of Antyodaya Programme- Annapoorana
Scheme- Intensive Child Development Scheme(ICDS), schemes for rural housing,
water supply and sanitation.
Community Development Programme(CDP), coverage, activities,
Orginazation, methods and techniques of CDP-Evaluation of CDP- Development
Programmes and Panchayati Raj- Community Organisation; Concept- meaning- basic
assumptions- principles of community organizations, Self Helf Group(SHG) as a
community organization- structure and functions of SHG- performance of SHG in
Andhra Pradesh Poverty eradication programmes: objectives, activities and
target group, evaluation of PDS, Swarna Jayanthi Grama Swarajgar
.Module IV: Rural Credit
Cooperatives and rural development –meaning and principles of
cooperation, Objectives, functions, structure and performance of rural credit
and non-credit
Model V:
Administration of rural development in India-
SEMESTER - III
PAPER – V/D : LABOUR ECONOMCIS(Elective-II)
Module 1 : LABOUR
MARKETS:
Peculiarities of Labour - Rise of Labour Problems - Nature
and Characteristics of Labour Markets in Developing Countries like India
Module 2 : EMPLOYMENT:
Employment and Development relationship – Poverty and
Unemployment in Developing Countries; Unemployment – Concept, Types and
Measurement particularly in India.
Module 3 : WAGE DETERMINATION:
Classical - Neo-classical and Bargaining theories of Wage
Determination; Concepts of Minimum Wage, Living Wage and Fair Wage; Wage
Determination in different sectors – Rural, Urban, Organized, Unorganized and
in Informal Sectors.
Module 4 : INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS:
Growth, Pattern and Structure of Labour Unions in India,
Achievements of labour unions; Causes of Industrial Disputes and their
Settlement and Prevention Mechanism, Labour Legislation in India;
Module 5 : STATE AND LABOUR:
Concept of Social Security and its evolution; Social
Assistance and Social Insurance; State policies with respect to Social Security
and Labour Welfare in India; Special problems of Labour - Child Labour, Female
Labour.
SEMESTER -IV
PAPER I: ECONOMICS OF
INFRASTRUCTURE
Module I: Basic
Infrastructure- Transport
Introduction-
Infrastructure and Economic Development – Social and Physical Infrastructure-
Infrastructure as a Public goods
Module II: Development of Infrastructure in
India
Development of transport system-
economic Development- Models of freight and passenger demand. Problems of
individual models of transport. Principle of pricing- current policy- problems
and measures.
Module III Communications, electricity and
Gas
Rate making in telephone
utilities; principles of decreasing costs in telephone industry Characteristics
of postal services- its importance – Restructuring of postal services- Bulk
supply and pricing of electricity. The relative economics of Thermal, Hydel and
Nuclear Power Plants. The case for a nuclear power grid- the exploitation
natural gas. Pricing problem.
Module IV: Education
Education in India and
development of human resources; elementary, secondary and higher education in
India. Problems of India India
Module V: Health
Role of Health is improving the
quality of human capital, Determinants of health- Health and Nutrition- Health
crisis in India- The new health policy- National Rural Health Mission- Health
Programmes under recent plans
SEMESTER -IV
PAPER II: HUMAN RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT
MODULE – I : NATURE OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Introduction
– Nature of Human Resource Management, Need for Human Resource Management.
Approaches, process of Human Resources Management, Human Resource Management
and Human Resource Development.
MODULE – II : HUMAN CAPITAL
Formation of Human Capital, indicators, problems and issues,
Human Capital formation in less developed countries, Human development index.
MODULE – III : LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT
Appraisals, Grievances Handling,
Organization Development, Organization Development, Quality Circles; Management
by objectives and organization.
MODULE – IV : HUMAN RELATIONS
Nature, objectives,
Determinants; Approaches to Human relations, values, concepts of Human
relations approach – performance appraisal in Human Resource Management.
MODULE – V : HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
Recruitment and sources,
Methods; Selection procedure; absenteeism, labour turnover, employees training,
rewards and incentives – Determinants and types and motivation.
SEMESTER – IV
PAPER - III: COMPUTER
APPLICATIONS IN ECONOMICS
Module 1: Information
Concept & Computer fundamentals
Definition of a computer, Computer system as information
processing system, Types of computer system, elements of a digital computer system(components),
CPU and its functions, basic concept of input /out put devices, various input
devices(keyboard, mouse, MICR, OCR, Micro phone), etc. various output
devices(printer, plotters spooling) etc. Primary and secondary memory. Types of memory and
memory devices and their comparison; Software concepts; Types of
software-system/application, Role of a system software, different system
software.
Module II: MICROSOFT
OPERATING SYSTEMS
Operating System-Microsoft Disk Operating Systems(MS DOS)-
Internal and External commands-Windows, Operating System-salient
Features-Merits of Windows Operating System-Accessories-System toos-Scan
Disk-Word Pad-Note Pad-Paint-Imagination-Windows Explore-My Documents-My
computer-Internal Explorer-Network Neighborhood. Ms-Word: Creating, Opening and
saving files-editing and formatting text-spell and grammar check-auto
corrects-creation of tables and volumes. MS-Excel: Work sheet-entering data and
creating work sheets and work book opening and formatting.
Module III: DATA
PROCESSING TECHNIQEUS USING MS EXCEL
Concept
of Data-Record and File-types of Data-Data Entry-File handling and Operations
like opening, appending and cascading-closing and attribute controls-Data
Storage and Retrieval-Data operations-Preparation and Formatting of Text,
Tables and Graphs-Estimation of Descriptive Statistics, Index Numbers and
Growth Rates, Demand function, Supply function, Production function,
Consumption function, Employment Function, Demand for Money function, Supply of
Money function, Leontiff Input-Output Model, MS Access: Creating, opening and
working with data in MS-Access-tables-forms-query-report. MS-Power Point:
concept of presentation-creating, opening and saving the slide
shows-animation-viewer’s presentation.
Module IV: INTERNET
APPLICATIONS
Definition
and uses of Internet-Salient features-different types of web sites-Creation of
Electronic Mail address-Sending and getting e-mails-Features of Inbox-Attaching
Images or Documents to E-mail-Downloading e-mail-Attachments of Documents from
the Internet-data search from important Government Websites. www.gov.ac.in, www.rbi.org
.
Module V: DATA ANALYSIS USING SPSS
Basics
of Data Analysis-Data Entry in SPSS-computing with SPSS-Preparation of Graphs
with SPSS-Distribution Functions and Density Functions-Statistical Package
handling and command description for SPSS-Reports, Descriptive-Statistics,
Compare Means, time Series Analysis, Correlation and Regression Models.
SEMESTER - IV
PAPER –I V/ A: URBAN ECONOMCIS(Elective - I)
Module – 1 : URBAN ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA
Urban
Economic Analysis – Genesis of Urban Economic Development – Urbanization and
Economic Development – Industrialization, Urbanisation relationship – Economics
of Agglomerations.
Module – 2 : URBANISATION AND URBAN
GROWTH:
Definition
of Urbanisation – An Appraisal of Census Data on Urbanization – Degree of
Urbanization – Rate of Urbanization – Trends in Patters of Urbanisation and
Urban Growth – Urbanisation Record since 1901 in India.
Module – 3 : MIGRATION IN INDIA
Migration
and Economic Development – Types Migration – Streams of Migration – Migration
and Distance – Internal Migration in India – Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration –
Lee’s Theory of migration – Lewis-Fei-Ranis Model – Todaro model of migration.
Module – 4 : URBAN PROBLEMS:
Problems of Slums and Housing –
Water Electricity, Sanitary Problems – Environmental Pollution
Module – 5 : FUTURE OF URBAN INDIA
National
Urban Economic Development Policy..
SEMESTER
-IV
PAPER I V/ B:
DEMOGRAPHY
Module 1: Population and Development
Meaning
and Scope of Demography-Source of Population data in India and world-Theories
of Population-Malthus, Optimum Theory of Population. Theory of Demographic
Transition-Population and Development-views of Meadows, Enke and Simon.
Module 2: Structure of Populations
Population
trends in India and world-population growth rates and distribution-pattern of
Age and Sex structure in more developed and Less Developed
Countries-Demographic effects of sex and age structure economic and social
implications-Age Pyramids-Population aging.
Module 3: Fertility and Nuptiality
Importance
of Study of Fertility-Total Fertility Rate (TFR), Gross Reproduction Rate (GRR)
and Net Reproduction Rate (NRR)-Levels and Trends of Fertility in more and Less
Developed Countries-Factors affecting Fertility. Nuptiality- Concept and
analysis of marital status, Single mean age at marriage.
Module 4: Mortality
Mortality-Death
Rates- Crude and Age-specific-Mortality at Birth and Infant Mortality Rate
levels and trends of mortality in more and Less Developed Countries-Sex and Age
pattern of mortality factors affecting mortality recent past. Life
Table-Methods of Population Projection.
Module 5: Indian Demography
Population,
Economy and Environmental linkages-Growth and Structure of India’s Population-Evolution
of Population Policy in India-The shift in policy from Population control to
Family Welfare to Women Empowerment-Family Planning Strategies and their
outcomes-Reproductive Health, Maternal Nutrition and child health policies-The
New Population Policy-Recent Population Census results-Migration and
Urbanization in India.
SEMESTER -IV
PAPER V/ C: REGIONAL
ECONOMICS & AREA PLANNING (Elective - II)
MODULE I: INTRODUCTION
What
is Regional Economics- Regional Economic Problems- Perspectives on Economic
Growth and Development.
MODULE II: LOCATION THEORY AND
ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
Models and Problems of Regional
Economic Growth
MODULE III: LOCATION DECISIONS
Levels of Analysis and Location
Units- Objectives and Procedures for Location Factors – Location Factors: Local
inputs outputs; Classification of Location Factors; The relative importance of
location choice.
MODULE IV: LAND USE
What is Land- Competition is for the
use of Land- Urban Land Use Patterns; Scale and Agglomeration Economics and
land use; Multiple access and location in cities; “Neighborhood Effects” and
land use constraints.
MODULE V: REGIONAL DEVELOPMET IN INDIA
Components of regional planning – Magnitude
of Regional imbalances- Regional Planning Policy in India and Andhra Pradesh -
Lack of genuine Regional Planning.
SEMESTER
–IV
PAPER V/ D: ECONOMICS OF GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT
Module 1: Introduction to gender Studies
Importance
and Concepts of women studies-women in
patrilineal and matrilineal societies and systems and Relevance to present day
society in India-Demography of female Population Age structure, Mortality rates
and sex ratio-causes of declining sex ratios and fertility rates in LDCs
and particularly India.
Module 2: women in decision making and concept of Women’s
Work
Factors
affecting decision making by women-Property Rights, Access to and control over
Economic resources, Assets-Economics status of women and its effect on work
participation rate. Income level, health and education in developing countries
and India - Concept of women’s work-valuation of productive and
unproductive work, visible and invisible work, paid and unpaid work,
participation of women in pre-industrial and industrial societies.
Module 3 : Women and Labour Market
Factors
affecting female entry in labour market-Supply and demand for female labour in
developed and developing countries, particularly India-Studies of female work
participation in Agriculture, Non-Agricultural Rural Activities. Information
Sector, Cottage and Small Scale Industries, organized industry and service
sector-Wage differentials in female activates.
Module 4: Social Security and Social Protection for Women
Social
Security of Women-Access to credit and insurance markets; role of voluntary
organizations, Self Help Groups in providing social security-Effectiveness of
Collective bargaining; review of legislation for women’s entitlements-social
security-Schemes for Safety net for women.
Module 5: Gender Planning, Development Policies and
Governance
Gender
and Development indices-Mainstreaming gender into development policies-gender
planning techniques-paradigm shifts from women’s well being to women’s
empowerment-Women’s empowerment in India.
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